[Icons]
Name: "{commonstartup}\yourapp"; Filename: "{app}\yourapp.exe"; WorkingDir: {app};
Name: "{userstartup}\yourapp"; Filename: "{app}\yourapp.exe"; WorkingDir: {app};
[Registry]
Root: HKCU; Subkey: "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run"; ValueType: string; ValueName: "yourapp"; ValueData: "{app}\yourapp.exe"; Flags: uninsdeletevalue;
[Setup]
; your setup setting
[Code]
function InitializeSetup(): Boolean;
var version: String;
begin
result := true;
if RegQueryStringValue(HKLM, 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\yourapp', 'DisplayVersion', version) = true then begin
if CompareStr(version, '1.1.5.0') > 0 then ; 1.1.5.0是你最新版的version
if WizardSilent() = false then begin ; Silent就預設不安裝舊的
if MsgBox('Would you like to install the older version?', mbConfirmation, MB_YESNO or MB_DEFBUTTON2) = IDNO then begin ;詢問user
result := false;
end;
end else begin
result := false;
end;
end;
end;
References:
2. VC9 SP1 Hotfix For The vector
[Setup] ; 設定頁面
AppName=MyApp ; 程式名稱
AppVerName= MyApp 2.0 ; 程式版本名稱
AppVersion=2.0.0.456 ; 版本
DefaultDirName={pf}\MyApp ; 安裝的預設目錄 {pf}是指Program Files
DefaultGroupName=MyApp ; 在「開始/程式集」的目錄
Compression=lzma ; 壓縮的方式
SolidCompression=yes ; 安裝程式是分佈多個檔案或是合併成一個檔案
OutputDir=..\..\bin\ ; 輸出安裝程式的目錄
OutputBaseFilename=MyApp 2.0.0 ; 輸出安裝程式的名稱
[Files] ; 你要發佈的檔案清單
; Source: 來源路徑
; DestDir: 目地目徑，{app}可能是DefaultDirName或user自訂
Source: MyApp.exe; DestDir: {app};
Source: MyApp.dll; DestDir: {app};
Source: help.txt; DestDir: {app}\help; Flags:
[Dirs] ; 要建立的目錄
; Name: 要建立的目錄路徑，其中{userappdata}是指user的My Documents目錄
Name: "{userappdata}\MyApp";
[Icons] ; 要建立的shortcut
; Name: shortcut的名稱，其中{group}可能是DefaultGroupName或user自訂
; Fileanme: shortcut要對映的名稱
; WorkingDir: shortcut的預設執行目錄 (這要記得加喔!)
Name: "{group}\MyApp"; Filename: "{app}\MyApp.exe"; WorkingDir: {app};
; {uninstallexe}是指uninstall的路徑
Name: "{group}\Uninstall"; Filename: "{uninstallexe}"; WorkingDir: {app};
[Run] ; 要執行的程式
; Filename: 程式名稱
; Description: 你的程式描述
; Flags:
; postinstall: 安裝程式後才會執行
; nowait: 安裝程式不會等待程式執行完畢，並且繼續下一步動作
Filename: "{app}\MyApp.exe"; Description: "Launch application"; Flags: postinstall nowait
procedure CurPageChanged(CurPageID: Integer);
begin
if (CurPageID= wpWelcome) then begin
MsgBox('Welcome to Inno Setup.', mbInformation, MB_OK);
end;
end;
令base class的解構式為public virtual或protected nonvirtual
摘要(Summary):
刪還是不刪，真讓人頭疼：如果允許透過pointer to Base來刪除物件，那麼Base的解構式必須是public virtual函式。否則它應該是protected nonvirtual函式。
客戶要不就應該透過pointer to Base進行多型刪除(polymorphic deletion)，要不就不該刪除。
你可以讓解構式是public且nonvirtual，但必須在文件中清楚說明：B的更深層衍生物件(further-derived objects)絕對不能被多型使用(當作B)。std::unary_function就是這樣。
Notes:
1. base class指的是那些"準備要被繼承的底層類別"。
2. 並不是要將所有class都加入virtual dtor，而是如果該class可能會被繼承且需要支援多型刪除的話，那就加入virtual dtor，反之，如果該class根本不會(或是不希望)被繼承的話，那就不需要加入virtual dtor。
3. virtual dtor常常可以用來識別class能否被繼承。
4. 至於像unary_function這種class，除了文件註明外，解構子可以考慮設計為protected。 (這個書上也有提到)
Reference:
1: C++編程規範 - 101個準則、指導方針，和最佳實踐 - 侯捷/陳碩 譯
2. Re: ‘dynamic_cast’ : ‘A’ is not a polymorphic type - http://fsfoundry.org/codefreak/
3. http://legnaleurc.blogspot.com/2008/11/2.html
4. 'dynamic_cast' : 'A' is not a polymorphic type
因為感覺這一篇寫得不夠完整且完整表達我的想法，因此我有稍微修改過。
enum Style
{
StyleA = 0x01,
StyleB = 0x02,
StyleC = 0x04,
}
enums Area
{
Area1,
Area2,
Area3,
Area4,
}
// pass
Style s1 = StyleA;
// error, can't convert int to enums 'Style'
s1 = StyleA | StyleB;
// ok
Style s1 = static_cast<Style>(StyleA | Style B);
// pass, but what is 'StyleA' | 'Area4'??
Style s1 = static_cast<Style>(Style | Area4);
// error, no |=, &= operation in enums
s1 |= StyleC;
s1 &= StyleC;
// error, can't conver int to enums 'Style'
s1 = s1 | StyleC;
s1 = s1 & StyleC;
void foo(Style style)
{
// ...
}
void main()
{
/ error, can't conver int to enums 'Style'
foo(StyleA | Style B);
// pass, but it's non type-safe
foo(static_cast<Style>(StyleA | StyelB));
}
void foo(unsigned int style)
{
// ...
}
void main()
{
// pass, but it's non type-safe
foo(StyleA | Style B);
}
#include "bitwise_enums.hpp"
void foo(bitwise_enum<Style> style)
{
// ...
}
void main()
{
// pass
bitwise_enum<Style> s1 = StyleA | StyleB;
s1 |= StyleC;
foo(StyleA | StyleB);
// error, your complier will say it can't convert enums 'Area' to 'Style', :)
foo(StyleA | Area1);
}
bitwise_enum<Style> s1 = StyleA | StyleB;
if (s1.has_bits(StyleC)
{
// ...
}
enum Style
{
StyleA,
StyleB,
StyleC,
}
enum Area
{
Area1,
Area2,
Area3,
Area4,
}
// pass
Style s1 = StyleA;
// error, can't convert from int to enums 'Style'
s1 = 2;
// error, can't convert from enums 'Area' to 'Sytle'
s1 = Area3;
// pass, if you really need do it (it's non type-safe)
s1 = (Style)10;
s1 = (Sytle)Area4;
// ok, but it's non type-safe
int s2 = Area1;
s2 = Style1;
Style s1 = Style1;
// pass and the complier will not say any errors
if (s1 == Area1)
{
// ...
}
#include "bitwise_enums.hpp"
// pass
bitwise_enumss1 = Style1;
// pass
s1 = Style2;
// pass
if (s1 == Style2)
{
// ...
}
// error, your complier will say it can't convert enums 'Area' to 'Style' for equal operation
if (s1 == Area1)
{
// ...
}
namesapce utils
{
#include "bitwise_enums.hpp"
}
utils::bitwise_enums1 = Style1;
void log(const wchar_t* text);
void main()
{
try
{
throw std::runtime_error();
}
catch (std::exception& ex)
{
const char * message = ex.what(); // 只有const char *的版本
log(message);
}
}
class your_exception : public std::exception
{
public:
your_exception(std::wstring what) : m_what(what) {}
virtual ~your_exception() {}
virtual const wchar_t * message() const
{
return m_what.c_str();
}
private:
std::wstring m_what;
};
void log(const wchar_t* text);
void main()
{
try
{
throw your_exception("something error..");
}
catch (your_exception& ex)
{
const wchar_t * message = ex.message();
log(message);
}
}
std::wstring ToWString(const char* text)
{
std::wstring str;
size_t size = strlen(text) + 1;
str.resize(size );
MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, text, -1, &str[0], size);
return str;
}
void log(const wchar_t* text);
void main()
{
try
{
throw std::runtime_error();
}
catch (std::exception& ex)
{
const char * message = ex.what();
log(ToWString(message));
}
为使用这些宏，必须包含boost/serialization/export.hpp，在包含该头文件之前，必须首先包含所有要使用的archive类的头文件。
namespace boost
{
namespace serialization
{
template
inline void save(Archive & ar, const CString& str, const unsigned int file_version)
{
std::wstring wstr(str);
ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(wstr);
}
template
inline void load(Archive &ar, CString& str, const unsigned int file_version)
{
std::wstring wstr;
ar & BOOST_SERIALIZATION_NVP(wstr);
str = wstr.data();
}
template
inline void serialize(Archive &ar, CString &str, const unsigned int file_version)
{
boost::serialization::split_free(ar, str, file_version);
}
template
inline void save(Archive & ar, const CTime& time, const unsigned int file_version)
{
__time64_t t = time.GetTime();
ar & t;
}
template
inline void load(Archive &ar, CTime& time, const unsigned int file_version)
{
__time64_t t;
ar & t;
time = t;
}
template
inline void serialize(Archive &ar, CTime &time, const unsigned int file_version)
{
boost::serialization::split_free(ar, time, file_version);
}
}
}
[Setup]
Your program setup
[Files]
; Visual C++ redist
Source: vcredist_x86.exe"; DestDir: "{tmp}"; Check: NeedInstallVC9SP1
[Run]
Filename: "{tmp}\vcredist_x86.exe"; Parameters: /q; WorkingDir: {tmp}; Flags: skipifdoesntexist; StatusMsg: "Installing Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime ..."; Check: NeedInstallVC9SP1
[Code]
var vc9SP1Missing: Boolean;
function NeedInstallVC9SP1(): Boolean;
begin
Result := vc9SP1Missing;
end;
function InitializeSetup(): Boolean;
var version: Cardinal;
begin
if RegQueryDWordValue(HKLM, 'SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\{9A25302D-30C0-39D9-BD6F-21E6EC160475}', 'Version', version) = false then begin
vc9SP1Missing := true;
end;
result := true;
end;
class A
{
public:
A() : m_a(1) {}
int m_a;
}
class B : public A
{
public:
B() : A(), m_b(2) {}
int m_b;
}
int main()
{
A* a = new B;
B* b = dynamic_cast(a); // error
delete a;
}
class A
{
public:
A() : m_a(1) {}
virtual ~A() {}
int m_a;
}
class B : public A
{
public:
B() : A(), m_b(2) {}
virtual ~B() {}
int m_b;
}
int main()
{
A* a = new B;
B* b = dynamic_cast(a); // pass
delete a;
}
int *a, *b, *c;
a = new int;
b = new int;
c = new int;
// ....
delete a, b, c;
class CYourCommandLineInfo : public CCommandLineInfo
{
public:
CCommandLineInfo() : m_service(false) {}
bool IsService() const {return m_service;}
virtual void ParseParam(const TCHAR* pszParam, BOOL bFlag, BOOL bLast)
{
if (bFlag)
{
if(_tcscmp(pszParam, _T("service")) == 0)
m_service = true;
}
}
private:
bool m_service;
};
BOOL CYourWinApp::InitInstance()
{
CYourCommandLineInfo cmdLineInfo;
ParseCommandLine(cmdLineInfo);
if (cmdLineInfo.IsService())
{
// ...
}
// ...
}
CMFCVisualManager::DestroyInstance(TRUE /* bAutoDestroyOnly */);
CMFCVisualManagerOffice2007::CleanStyle();
class vector3D
{
float x, y, z;
};
struct size
{
int width, height;
};
在網路上看到一篇很有趣的文章(程式設計師的格言)，我想每一位程式設計師看完一定會笑出的來 :)
裡頭有幾項比較精典的，我把他列出來
[Code]
procedure CurStepChanged(CurStep: TSetupStep);
var appWnd: HWND;
begin
if (CurStep = ssInstall) then
begin
appWnd := FindWindowByClassName('your class name');
if (appWnd <> 0) then
begin
PostMessage(appWnd, 18, 0, 0); // quit
end;
end;
end;
#ifndef max
#define max(a,b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif
#ifndef min
#define min(a,b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#endif
#include
#include
using namespace std;
void main()
{
double maxValue = numeric_limits::max(); // 錯誤，因為max是一個macro，會先被preprocessor處理
cout << maxValue;
}
class MyClass
{
public:
MyClass();
MyClass(BOOL bAutoDelete = TRUE);
}
int a = 4;
MyClass b;
b = a; // 這一行complier竟然會沒有error和warning??
class MyClass
{
public:
MyClass();
explicit MyClass(BOOL bAutoDelete = TRUE);
}
int a = 4;
MyClass b;
b = a; // error
b = MyClass(a); // ok
class B
{
private:
int m_a;
double m_b;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
B* b = new B;
// do something
delete b; // 要記得delete b
return 0;
}
#include
class B
{
private:
int m_a;
double m_b;
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
std::shared_ptr b(new B);
// do something
// 不需要delete b
return 0;
}
BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance()
{
HANDLE hMutex;
if ((hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, TRUE, MUTEX_NAME)) == NULL)
return FALSE; // 建立Mutex失敗
// 已經有別的Process被產生了
if (GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS)
return FALSE;
}
std::vectorvalues;
for (std::vector::iterator it = values.begin(); it != values.end(); )
{
if (*it > 10)
{
it = values.erase(it);
}
else
{
++it;
}
}
